Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

BeowulfThe translated Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf is the one of the most important works of darkened English literature, and is well deserved of the distinction. The epic tells the story of a hero a Scandinavian prince named Beowulf, who rids the Danes of the monster Grendel, a descendant of Cain, and of his exploits fighting Grendels come and a dragon. Throughout the epic, the Anglo-Saxon author uses many elements to build a certain depth to the characters. Three main important character elements in Beowulf atomic number 18 wealth and honor, Biblical, and man (good) versus wild (evil) themes.Many of the characters in Beowulf are, like in most epics, narrow downd by their status. But, in addition to status, the Anglo-Saxon culture likewise adds an element of honor. To the Anglo-Saxons, a characters importance as well as their wealth and status was measured not only in monetary terms, but it was also measured in terms of honor, fame, and accomplishments. Hrothgar, King of the Dane s, is one example of Anglo-Saxon measurement of importance in Beowulf. In the Prologue, the poet describes his wealth and importance, not only as mounds of gold or jewels, but more importantly his ease of having Friends and kinsmen flocked to his ranks, young followers, a force that grew to be a mighty military (lines 65-67) and his ability to create a great mead-hall meant to be a wonder of the world forever. (lines 69-70) Through this display of proving his position of King, Hrothgar proves the full extent of his honor and thus the extent of his wealth and status. Beowulf, the hero-prince, also proves his true wealth and status through his great deeds as defender of the Danes. As he fights and defeats Grendel, Beowulf earns fame and wealth from his companions, as well as from the Danes. More importantly, he earns honor raising him to the level of an archetypical hero. Grendel, however, is the complete opposite of Beowulf. He has no wealth, no honor, and he is disreputable as an evil killer. This lack of wealth and honor defines Grendel as a symbol of evil and corruption. In addition to using honor and wealth to define a character, the poet has incorporated Biblical motifs in the epic-poem.As time progressed, the rewriting and touching up of the manuscripts by various sources caused the characters to keep back Christian characteristics. These Christian themes have become very important to the epic to add an element of depth that wouldnt be possible in modern times due to the personnel casualty of Anglo-Saxon culture and beliefs.

Internet Telesurgery Saves Lives :: Technology Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Internet Telesurgery Saves Lives People view the Internet generally in two guidances either in a positive light or a negative view. What adds fuel to how people feel about the Internet is what they hear about the Internet from the media. Whether they run down it in a newspaper, magazine, or hear it on television the media effects how people feel about certain things and this includes their feelings on the Internet. The Internet gets positive reporting from the media whenever it makes life easier or better, by making things more convenient. One positive advancement with Internet technology is the development of telesurgery over recent years. Telesurgery is a way to perform surgical operations without having the doctor in direct contact with the patient during surgery. This is made possible by giving the doctor verify of robotic in operation(p) tools. The doctor can perform the surgery from almost any distance while the patient receives the surgery from remote control robotic oper ating instruments. What enables the doctor to control the surgery is a powerful Internet link to connect the doctor to operating tools, monitors, and to communication with other expert doctors. While the patient undergoes the surgery they are not left alone with the robotic instruments they have direct human assistance at the scene of the operation. The surgical assistant is needed to monitor any problems that doctors whitethorn miss due to slight delays in Lopez 2 the Internet link. While telesurgery can be employ to perform most operations, some common surgeries that telesurgery has been used for are gall bladder removal, appendectomies, and gynecological procedures. This technology has an endless amount of gain grounds. A patient can receive the operation they need at their local anaesthetic hospitals from the most qualified surgeon in that field of medicine. The ability to operate on people without the doctor being present will enable the medical exam field to reach farther than it ever has before. With the right link to the telesurgery equipment the Internet is one step closer to having, no boundaries. Surgery can now be performed where doctors may not have the training to perform certain operations. For instance in underdeveloped countries, where the medical standards have not reached the capabilities of industrialized nations. Telesurgery will benefit those who are injure while fighting on the battlefield and are in need of major medical attention. The doctor can provide the injured soldier with the help they need from a safe location without the worry of injury to them self.

Allergies and Allergic Reactions Essay -- Food Allergies

Healthy humans have two types of immune systems that protect the body from invading pathogens that cause diseases. The Innate Immunity is the number 1 barrier of protection. It is similar to a force field. Its primary purpose is to destroy either pathogen that tries to enter the epidermis cells (the skin cells) and the mucosa (mucus secreting cells found in the GI tract, respiratory tract, urogenital tract and eyes. If the first defense does not work, the adaptive immunity steps in to eradicate the invading microbe. Yet, sometimes the body reacts to innocuous agents as if they were pathogens. Every day, more adults develop allergies to things in their environment. Exposure to such things as pollen, grass, mold and pet dander1 can lead to mild or hurtful reactions. Other allergens can cause tingling in the throat and mouth, and in many cases severe reaction that lead to death. 2 In the last pair of decades, 75 to 100 percent of asthma and 150 percent atopy have reported.4 17.7 mi llion adults and 7.1 million were diagnosed with allergies and hay fever.5 There are no cognize reasons why people developed hypersensitivity to certain agents, yet, many adults are developing allergies later in life. Statistically, children are the ones who develop allergies the most. About 3.9 percent of children have allergies, whereas 2% of adults have it. 6 Then, why are adults becoming more and more susceptible to this affliction? One possible reason is foods and every day dwelling house products are making people sick. Could it be that constant exposure to known hypoallergenic agents are causing allergic reactions to develop in adults who have never displayed any allergic reactions in their lifetime?To understand why the sudden affliction of allergies is occu... ...alian adults A multi-centre study. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2009150(3)271-7. 4 . Isolauri E, Huurre A, Salminen S, Impivaara O. The allergy epidemic extends beyond the bygone few decades. Clin Exp Allergy. 20 04 0734(7)1007-10. 5. CDC Internet. Allergies and Hay Fever. Atlanta, Georgia Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available from http//www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/allergies.htm Date accessed 2011, November 186. CDC Internet. Food Allergies - DASH/HealthyYouth. Atlanta, Georgia Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.. 26 Apr. 2011. http//www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/foodallergies Date accessed 2011, November 187. Laurire M, Pecquet C, Bouchez-Mahiout I, Sngaroff J, Bayrou O, Raison-Peyron N, et al. Hydrolysed husk proteins present in cosmetics can induce immediate hypersensitivities. Contact Dermatitis. 2006 0554(5)283-9.

Feline Companionship in Cat in the Rain Essay -- Cat in the Rain Essay

Feline Companionship in Cat in the Rain   I chose to write about Hemingways Cat in the Rain in fictional character because it is one of the few of his stories I have read which has an ending. There is a specific event at the end of the story which wraps up the storys events and gives the reader a sense of finality not found in most of Hemingways short works. Written in his characteristic sparse style, Cat in the Rain is on the face of it simple in plot and character, but a careful reading reveals deeper meaning behind its elements. The Ameri back tooth wifes quest to save a kitty from the move rain becomes a more complex statement about her frustration and her isolation from human comforts. I think the portrayal of the wife captures these feelings which many women can recognize.   In the first paragraph, the theme of isolation is introduced, as the author tells about the American couple on foreign soil with no friends or acquaintances. He also describes the beautiful park below the window and the many people who come to enjoy it, only to add that it is now rain down and the wife may only look out the window and dream. The wife soon sees the poor cat, getting drenched in the rain and feels sympathy for it. Her reading husband is listless to her discovery, except to volunteer half-heartedly to get the cat (most likely to keep her from complaining). The woman can not seem to connect with her husband, who treats her almost like an gravel child, as much as with the pathetic cat outside.   As she ventures out of the room to rescue the cat, she first passes the hotel-keeper in his office. In a series of tally phrases, the author describes the hotel-keeper, or padrone, and what the woman likes about him. This passage sho... ...he husbands complacency about his wife and her desire for respect, admiration, and emotional fulfillment. A related but more lay contrast is between the husband and the padrone, who represent the status quo and the desires of the wife, respectively.   In the final few paragraphs, Hemingway mentions that it is getting dark outside, and later that it was quite dark and still raining in the palm trees (170). Then, just before the maid comes to the door with the cat, a light comes on in the square. The amount of light seems to correlate with the hopes of the wife and the come up she has to change her situation. The light near the end is a signal for the arrival of the cat, a gift from the hotel-keeper. The reader is left to wonder whether the woman will take more respect from her husband now that she has experienced a feeling of importance and self-worth.

tragoed The Changing Tragedy of Oedipus Rex, Hamlet, and Desire under

The Changing Tragedy of Oedipus Rex, Hamlet, and Desire under the Elms   Tragedy can easily be considered the grea experiment of all genres due to the fact that it has withstood the test of time. Formally, tragedy employs almostthing more complex than other genres. It is not mathematical function of a life full of happy endings. It is part of a bigger system of things. It is part of who we be. Perhaps tragedy is simply the art that truly imitates life.> Historically speaking, the great rises of tragedy prepare occurred during times of exceptional affluence. The Greeks, the Renaissance, and the early twentieth century are periods that enjoyed this type of security. Extreme cultural and technological advances marked individually of these periods. The Greeks had practically conquered what was known of the world. The Renaissance period was marked by the reign of arguably the sterling(prenominal) monarch in English history, and the early twentieth century saw the rise of some of the greatest technological advances on record. Even though some would argue that we now live in one of the periods of great prosperity, there is not much room for a aline tragedy in our society. We have tragedy in the form of the news every day. more like spectacle   In addition to the historical and formal facets of tragedy, the use of plot is key. Oedipus Rex is considered to be the most true to the form laid out by Aristotle. <Tragedy is marked by a enigma of great proportions that must have a resolution. While the problem may seem wholly due to external forces, such as the death of King Hamlet or Ebans mother, spiritual and psychological factors come into play. This is peculiarly evident in Desire of the Elms. The reader knows that there are extreme inte... ...ating the play. In Desire under the Elms, comic relief is noticed in each scene in which the oafish brothers are characters. It should be noted that while there is a general descent tow ards comedy, the comedy is quite dark in nature. The underlying theme of fate versus free will constantly pops up and in each play a mixture of both is exhibited. Finally, the use of spectacle is seen solitary(prenominal) in Hamlet, especially in the end of the play. Spectacle is even used in the play within a play. Alternately, Oedipus Rex and Desire under the Elms suppress spectacle. ONeill possibly felt that to show the lovemaking and murder would diminish the message of the play. It would certainly diminish the use of imagination. Overall, the deeper elements of this genre will continue to fascinate the human mind for the centuries to come, right as it has for centuries past.  

tragoed The Changing Tragedy of Oedipus Rex, Hamlet, and Desire under

The Changing Tragedy of Oedipus Rex, Hamlet, and Desire under the Elms   Tragedy erect easily be considered the greatest of all genres due to the fact that it has withstood the test of time. Formally, catastrophe employs something more complex than other genres. It is non part of a demeanor full of happy endings. It is part of a bigger system of things. It is part of who we are. Perhaps tragedy is simply the art that truly imitates life.> Historically speaking, the great chuck outs of tragedy have occurred during times of exceptional affluence. The Greeks, the Renaissance, and the early twentieth century are periods that enjoyed this type of security. Extreme cultural and technological advances marked each of these periods. The Greeks had practically conquered what was cognize of the world. The Renaissance period was marked by the reign of arguably the greatest monarch in English history, and the early twentieth century saw the rise of some of the greatest te chnological advances on record. Even though some would argue that we now live in one of the periods of great prosperity, thither is not much room for a true tragedy in our society. We have tragedy in the form of the news every day. more like spectacle   In appendage to the historical and formal facets of tragedy, the drop of plot is key. Oedipus Rex is considered to be the most true to the form laid out by Aristotle. <Tragedy is marked by a problem of great proportions that must have a resolution. While the problem may seem wholly due to external forces, such as the ending of King Hamlet or Ebans mother, spiritual and psychological factors come into embolden. This is especially evident in Desire of the Elms. The reader knows that there are extreme inte... ...ating the play. In Desire under the Elms, comic relief is noticed in each scene in which the oafish brothers are characters. It should be noted that while there is a general descent towards comedy, the come dy is quite dark in nature. The underlying theme of fate versus free will constantly pops up and in each play a mixture of both is exhibited. Finally, the use of spectacle is seen only in Hamlet, especially in the end of the play. Spectacle is even used in the play within a play. Alternately, Oedipus Rex and Desire under the Elms suppress spectacle. ONeill possibly felt that to show the lovemaking and murder would diminish the message of the play. It would certainly diminish the use of imagination. Overall, the deeper elements of this genre will continue to fascinate the human mind for the centuries to come, just as it has for centuries past.  

Abington Hill Toys

ABINGTON-HILL TOYS, INC. 1. INTRODUCTION Abington- knoll Toys new president, Vernon Albright, hires a new company comptroller, David Hartly. Hartlys first task was to complete an depth psychology of the firms condition and generate financial planning for the company. 2. METHODOLOGY A. Current balance B. Acid-test ratio C. Inventory Turnover Ratio D. Debt-Equity ratio E. realise Margin F. Net Profit Margin G. Z Score 3. SOLUTION A. 280,000/290,000=. 97 B. 130,000/290,000=. 45 C. 900,000/150,000=6 D. 490,000/710,000=. 69 E. 300,000/1,200,000=. 25 F. 60,480/1,200,000=. 05 G. 1. (-10,000/1,200,000)+1. 4(60,480/1,200,000)+3. 3(126,000/1,200,000)+ 1. 05(1,200,000/1,200,000)=1. 46 4. CONCLUSION The period ratio of . 97 means for every $. 97 of current assets, Abington Hill Toys has $1 of current liabilities. Since the current ratio is less than the exemplar of 3. 5, Abington Hill Toys implies a high risk and a probable incapability to generate sufficient working capital to meet its shor t-term needs. The acid-test ratio of . 45 is less than one-half of its current ratio which means Abington Hill Toys inventory comprises of more than half of its current assets.The inventory turnover ratio of 6 is higher than 5 which is the standard for companies in this industry. Since this ratio is higher than average, Abington Hill Toys is showing strong sales. The higher than standard inventory ratio could also mean ineffective buying of inventory. The debt-equity ratio of . 69 means Abington Hill Toys has $. 69 of debt to every dollar of equity. This would put them in at a lower risk to enhance financial leverage. The hoggish margin is at 25%. This means Abington Hill Toys is only wining 25% above their direct costs. This is equivalent to the standard of other companies in this industry.The crystalize profit margin of 5% is less than the standard of 8%. Abington Hill Toys net profit margin means equity holders will only receive 5% from every dollar after all expenses, interes t, and taxes are paid. The low Z score of 1. 46 would sway me to not lend the money. By Altmans scale, Abington Hill Toys has a 95% chance of going into bankruptcy in 12 months. Along with the high probability of going into bankruptcy within 12 months, the net profit margin of 5% doesnt seem worthwhile. I would rather invest in something safer for that low of a return.

Four foods common throughout Mexico Essay

Corn, and corn tortillas in particular, are common throughout all of Mexico. Corn tortillas are considered the breadstuff of Mexican culture. Beans are almost perpetually served as a side peach tree with all meals. Chilies, squash and tomatoes are all indigenous foods that thrive in the arid regions and are used for flavor and as side dishes throughout the country. Chilies are also often integrated into main dishes. B. Comparison and Contrast of foods from three regions of Mexico Food from the Mexican plains region is typically more heavy with fats and starches.The regions cuisine relies on meat and dairy products (most notably beef and cheese) in addition to the traditional beans and corn imbed elsewhere throughout the country. Tropical Mexico relies heavily on the fish and seafood that are abundant along the coast for its main dishes. It also incorporates food locally enceinte on plantations such as coffee, bananas, avocado, limes, tomatoes and tropical fruits such as mango, tamarind and coconut. Ceviche, a blend of raw fish, lime juice and veggies, is very favourite. southerly Mexican cuisine uses chayotes and cactus and relies heavily on chicken dishes, often marinated.Mole sauce, using chilies and chocolate originated in grey Mexico and is used as a ceremonial dish at baptisms, weddings, and the Day of the Dead festivals. Even grasshoppers, which are quite abundant, are often eaten fried. Beans and avocados are also used in many dishes. Meat from goats and pork barrel along with chilies and tortillas are often found in dishes from all regions. Chocolate and vanilla are cardinal items that put Mexico on the map and quite popular throughout the country as flavorings. Chocolate is used in sauces as well as for drinking and often infused with cinnamon.Mexican cuisine is very dependent on the food sources most abundant in the region and so range the gamut from seafood to cactus. 6. Comparison and Contrast of food and customs of Indias Northern and Southern regions In Northern India wheat, teatime, masala, pickled fruits and vegetables, garlic and eggs are commonly used. Most dishes are prepared by boiling, stewing or frying. Unleavened bread and a vegetable dish are served at breakfast and lunch. Dinner is the same with the additional of a few extra dishes. All meals are served with tea and lemonade in the summer.Hydrogenated oils are used for cooking. In Southern India, banana leaves serve as plates and boiled rice comes with every course. Vegetables and lentils make up the first two courses term rice and yogurt are in the third course. All are accompanied by pickles, chutney and fried wafers. Dessert is only served on special occasions. Coconut, plantain and fish are often used and tend to be spicy. They use peanut and sesame oil in addition to hydrogenated vegetable oil and prepare dishes by steaming. Rice, coffee, chutney fruits and vegetables are integral to the cuisine.Grains cooked into cereals are popular. Chickpeas and lentils are used in nearly every meal. Spicy vegetable curries, deep-fried, zesty foods and sweets are popular as snacks. The foods of both regions are highly vegetarian, per religious beliefs. Neither region eats beef nor traditionally drinks alcohol. The spices and condiments heavy in Southern Indian cuisine are the influence of Jews and Christians. In the North, wheat is the staple food while rice reigns in the South. Northern Indians drink tea with their meals while Southern Indians prefer coffee.Since Pakistan was once part of India, the cuisine of the Northern region is very similar to that of Pakistani food. The foods of both regions are influenced heavily by their various(prenominal) religions as well as the influx of foreign traders in earlier centuries. 7. A. Five foods indigenous to Caribbean In Jamaica, dukunnu is made with cornmeal, sugar, raisins spices and coconut and wrapped in banana leaves and boiled or baked. Jamaica also uses turn cornmeal made of cornmeal blended with peas, spices, coconut milk, saltfish and sometimes other ingredients.Peppers are indigenous all over the Caribbean and are commonly used to spice up dishes such as marinated jerk meats. Manioc, sweet potatoes and yams are served as a side dish or deep fried. There is heavy reliance on fish, including conch and shellfish.B. Identify the Caribbean country or island 1. Sofrito Cuba and Puerto Rico 2. Picadillo Cuba 3. Jerk Foods Jamaica 4. Sancocho Dominican Republic 5. Moros y Cristianos Cuba 6. Habichuelas con Dulce Dominican Republic.

Raising Achievement of Ethnic Minority Children Essay

This literature review would explore the barriers in raising educational achievements of heathenish nonage scholars. As this is a broad ara of affect the literature would examine two main barriers such as social background issues and face as Additional diction (EAL) while briefly tactual sensationing at other(a) barriers such as Statistical data collected from the Pupil Level Annual School numerate (PLASC) 2002 would be analysed in respect to this group social economic status and its effect on their knowledge.The literature would outline the significance of raising achievement, particularly ICT teachers responsibility. This report would identify some strategies/solutions including pedagogical approaches to raising achievement which would be supported by research. The over either findings would illustrate why ethnic minority children underperform academicianally than their counterparts in school. INTRODUCTIONIt is important to recognise that ethnic minority pupils may fal l into the category of funky class low achievement. (Battle and Lewis 2010 pg35) state a persons education is closed linked to their life chances, income and well cosmos its therefore, fair to say that ethnic minority communities are closely likely to underachievement than others because of their socio-economic conditions. Language in education has long been the subject of attention by educationists at all levels.Initially as concerning the problem of doctrine side to children for whom it is not a first linguistic communication, The Swann Report 1985 pg385 Other drawbacks to raising achievement are institutional racism, lack of motivation, lack of suitable challenge, the eliminateness of activities and tasks, a mix-match of expectations, a perceived irrelevance of the activities and tasks. National Education Authority claim to be raising achievement to higher levels and closing student achievement gaps are priorities in schools and communities at all economic levels and in urba n, rural, and suburban settings.(http//www.nea. org/home/17413. htm. Accessed 02/11/12) What is nip and tuck Achievement? According to (DfES 0013-2006. Pg. 6) (Excel and enjoy) raising achievement means a custom-built education for every child and young person, that gives them strength in the basics, stretches their aspirations, and builds their life chances. It will create opportunity for every child, regardless of their background. Teachers have a committed li big businessman to enable all learners to attain and achieve their full potential, whether they are SEN (Special Education Needs), EAL (English as an Additional Language) or ethnic minority student.What is cultural Minority? The ethnic minorities in the UK, 50% are Asian or Asian British (Indian, Pakistani etc. ), 25% are filthy or Black British (Black African, Black Caribbean etc. ), 15% are Mixed Race, 5% are Chinese and 5% are of other ethnic backgrounds. (http//www. historylearningsite. co. uk/ethnic_minorities_educa tion. htm. Accessed 02/11/12) Cabinet Office defined it as Ethnicity refers to cultural heritage (thus the term ethnic minorities can too be used to include White ethnic minority groups in Britain, such as the Irish or people from other European countries).However, the systematic historical and continuing pattern of disadvantage for Black and Asian groups singles them out for special consideration. (webarchive. gov. uk. Accessed 02/11/12). Barriers to Raising achievement Socio-Economic Backgrounds Socio class can cause inequality in class which could in turn influence the achievement in children (C. Stephen pg. 269) Social scientists have recognised the importance of an individuals family socio economic status (SES) has an influence on the academic achievement of children since the mid-1960s.It could cause low their self-confidence and self-esteem ethnic minorities may have special issues related to self-esteem. Because of prejudice, minority members are likely to see a negative im age of themselves ( DeLamater. J & Myers. D pg. 88). (http//www. historylearningsite. co. uk/ethnic_minorities_education. htm) Ethnic backgrounds that are less successful in education is because they have a higher percentage of pupils from operatives class backgrounds. Also the lower a childs class position, the lower their income. East Pakistani, Pakistani and Black pupils are more likely to be brocaded in low income families. This can affect how well they do in school because lack of funds means lack of school equipment, less comfortable formulateing conditions e. g. cold house, no desk etc. This inequity could lead to abject or erratic attendance which was cited as a contributory situationor to poor attainment in several schools. Table1 the Pupil Level Annual School Census (PLASC) 2002 illustrates the impact of socio-economic disadvantage by comparing relative GCSE performance for pupils who are eligible for free school meals.This shows that pupils from lower socio-economic groups tend to achieve less good results than those from higher socio-economic groups and that this difference is particularly large for white pupils. (Aiming High Raising the Achievement of Minority Ethnic Pupils) Table2 The pupil level annual school census (PLASC) 2002 characteristics Proportion achieving 5+ A*-C GCSEs for those entered for GCSEs in Maintained Schools in 2002 remark these charts are establish on data collected as part of the 2002 Pupil Level Annual Schools Census.From 2003, data will be based on an updated set of categories including mixed heritage, Gypsy/Roma and Travellers of Irish heritage which are listed at annex A. (Aiming High Raising the Achievement of Minority Ethnic Pupils) disparity on grounds such as race will affect effective learning fundamentally in most cases, which is linked to disparities in school. approximately schools are institutionally racist, says Oftseds Director of Inspections, Jim Rose to the annoyance of teachers unions.Mr Rose sai d Much of that racism, we think, is to do with unwitting stereotyping of youngsters and the lack of expectation or lowered expectation of teachers as a result of that sometimes (http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/education/294078. stm). With the fact that their ethnicity influences their class and their class influences their attitude, there is concern about the aspirations of underprivileged children socio-economic barriers may hinder aspiration formation for these children because of lack of mentors, opportunities, and resources and also doubt their ability to attain in learning (http//www.learningbenefits. net/Publications/ResReps/ResRep27. pdf pg3).The majority of schools are engaged in a wide variety of initiatives to improve provision and plague the attainment of all pupils. However, few schools monitor these activities systematically and rarely do they have a specific ethnic focus. (Raising_the_attainment_of_minority_ethnic_pupils_school_and_LEA_responsespg7).Strategies to raisi ng achievement of Socio-economic barrier Having realistic expectations of the educational achievement of children of lower socioeconomic groups will run into them feel they can achieve their potential.Expectations are also shaped by teacher and student perceptions of the reasons for successes and failures. A low ability student, who views failures as lack of ability and successes as luck, will lose his motivation, feeling that there is little he can change to improve his learning. (Rose Miller 2001) As evidenced preferably pupils from ethnic minority group have low self esteem therefore, it is crucial for teachers to encourage the child or young person to find their cause preferred style and rhythm of learning so they are motivated to pursue their learning process, making them have ownership of their own learning and work.To table service evoke achievement teachers and leaders should monitor and track achievement, encourage and support the child to maximize their potential be aspirational for them. Parents with fewer financial resources tend to tone down lower aspirations for their children, and young people from socially disadvantaged backgrounds tend to have lower aspirations than their more advantaged peers (Schoon, 2006).Promoting a culturally friendly environments and establishing classroom ethos of respect with a clear approach to racism and bad behaviour modelling and promoting values, attitudes and behaviour supportive of race equality in class would explore and target underachievement to raise attainment. (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg23). Strategically choosing students to work in groups, peer assessment where they can see others work which could help them shape their own work and attain a better grade. However, teachers need to reserve students with a stress free learning environment so they can feel included .(EVIDENCE OF WHY THEY NEED strive FREE ENVIRON,ENT) The revised National Curriculum includes a statutory inclusion statement sett ing out how teachers can ensure the curriculum is gatewayible to all pupils which would certainly help raise attainment for also ethnic minority students . It states that teachers must follow three principles for inclusion setting suitable learning challenges responding to pupils different learning needs and overcoming potential barriers to learning and assessment for individuals and groups of pupils.(cabinet office pg14). NALDIC (National Association for Language Development in the Curriculum), states that we should therefore ensure access to and progress by means of the curriculum or subject fill. ( utilize ict for eal pg5) Also very few schools review their curricular and preceding(a)oral strategies to ensure that they are sensitive to the ethnic groups in the student population and the wider community. In those instances where schools have done this as a result of concerns about a particular minority ethnic group, positive outcomes have resulted.(Raising_the_attainment_of_m inority_ethnic_pupils_school_and_LEA_responsespg7) Schools working effectively with pupils in low attaining groups were not found to adopt specific approaches for particular groups of pupils such as minority ethnic groups, but instead change the curriculum, pedagogy and assessment such that pupils in any group could benefit. (Effective Teaching and Learning for Pupils in Low Attaining Group). Self- assessment and appropriate target setting agree to individual learning styles would help them to build identities as successful learners.The new Teachers Standards (DfE, 2011) would enable this strategy to work perfectly as teachers have to Adapt teaching to respond to the strengths and needs of all pupilsevaluate distinctive teaching approaches to engage and support them. (Standard 5 The QTS Standards DFES Qualifying to Teach(2002) In additional, as they are a great deal more likely than their peers of a higher socioeconomic environment to have a poor attendance, leave school earlier and with fewer qualifications, and are at far greater risk of being excluded from school. http//education-landscapes. eu/pdf/learning_barriers. pdf . Teachers recognise strengths and improvements praising their effort would encourage children participation. Using positive words (Ive seen a igniter in you) and encourage this group would make them feel motivated, believe in themselves and appreciated to want to attend school (promoting attendance) regardless of any socio-economic worries. Attending parents evenings and other less formal school functions can help understand difficulties and help to remove any barriers http//education-landscapes.eu/pdf/learning_barriers. pdf. This could help build parent teacher family relationship and both parties could devise ways to help raise the achievement and eliminate barriers affecting this young persons learning. ? Respect frustration and encourage a positive approach to setbacks. http//education-landscapes. eu/pdf/learning_barriers. pdf. En glish as an Additional Language (EAL) barrier on Ethnic Minority EAL learners will be affected by attitudes towards them, their culture, language, religion, and ethnicity http//www.mkweb. co. uk/emass/documents/Website_EAL_Artwork. pdf.The proportions of pupils with English as an additional language are from ethic minority background groups about five per cent (Black Caribbean pupils) to over 90 per cent (those from Bangladeshi backgrounds). Approximately 9. 3% (over 632,000) of all pupils in schools in England are recorded as having English as an additional language (EAL) according to Statistics of Education 2002(aiminghighraisingachievent pg28).These patois patterns are argued to be consistent with many low income families which are inadequate to meet the demands of the education system. These patterns directly contribute to educational failure as students cannot ceaselessly understand elaborated speech which teachers use and teachers often misunderstand students who use the res tricted speech. As a result there is a breakdown in communication between teachers and pupils. http//www. historylearningsite. co. uk/ethnic_minorities_education. htm.This is a major barrier to achievement as English is not their first language and cannot communicate effectively in lesson, with peers and content of the curriculum it is helpful for the to access prior knowledge so they have a fair understanding before the next lesson Language learners need access to the subject curriculum while they are learning English. EAL students learning is NOT a learning difficulty, learners should not be placed in groups or sets for slow learnersthey need good peer models of subject specific talk and writing.Teacher expectations are powerful determiners of student success. Teachers should reflect high expectations in the manque targets set for these children. Bilingual learners need to make more progress each year than their peers in order to catch up (Collier, 1995) their efforts need to be adjudge and appreciated, to build their self-image and self-esteem as successful learners. (Making the Difference Teaching and learning strategies in multi-ethnic schools) Solution/Approaches(Bourne, 1998 and others) Reforming the mainstream to be more language aware is not only good for bilingual learners, but benefits ALL students (Making the Difference Teaching and learning strategies in multi-ethnic schools). Education authorities have recognised the fact that student with EAL will struggle to reach their potential and has incorporate into the new Teachers Standards, saying that all teachers and trainee teachers will benefit from an understanding and recognition of EAL as a significant field of teaching and learning. (http//www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy.)It is important to recognise that children learning EAL are as able as any other children, and the learning experiences planned for them should be no less cognitively challenging High challenge can be maintained done the provision of contextual and linguistic support and raise attainment. (ExcellenceandEnjoymentlearningandteachingintheprimaryyears,CreatingalearningcultureClassroomcommunity,collaborativeandpersonalisedlearning(DfES 0522-2004 G) However, Schools and colleges will need therefore to provide both physical and virtual learning environments that motivate and support the EAL learners distinctive needs.Raising achievement of ethnic minorities students with low attainment and EAL by developing appropriate resources across the curriculum make effective use of displays boards to support their learning and develop their knowledge of the linguistic, cultural backgrounds. (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg32) It is a legal requirement for literacy to be included into lesson literacy is fundamental to good learning and achievement.It must therefore be a top precedence for teachers consider how subject specific vocabulary like writing out discoverwords on whit e board, spelling and pronouncing words correctly which would help improve their English language grammar should be introduced, modelled, extended and supported through the teaching of subject content to enhance literacy (ExcellenceandEnjoymentlearningandteachingforbilingualchildrenintheprimaryyears). Organise small groups for computer-based activities that enable early stage learners to work with other first language speakers and to hear good models of English.Establishing layered curriculum targets as a context for language development. Speaking and listening guided sessions for language development. (Effective Teaching and Learning for Pupils in Low Attaining Group). Using ICT to raise achievement of Ethnic Minority pupils with EAL. ICT has a vital role to play in providing the appropriate resources and technology for both learners and teachers. Using ICT to support EAL students presents challenges for many teachers of how best to make use of these new and emerging technologies to raise the achievement of their EAL students.(Using ICT to support students who have English as an additional language) Using Creative use of ICT in the classroom can promote inclusion and reflect cultural and linguistic diversity. Multimedia Projects provide excellent opportunities for learners to work collaboratively with other first language speakers. Email, local network links, user groups and video conferencing facilities provide opportunity for learners to communicate with proficient speakers of English and also of their first language across the world.Pupils learning EAL require opportunities to draw on additional contextual support to make sense of new information and language. nub learning for pupils learning EAL can be greatly improved through the use of visual support. This can help learners to conceptualise learning tasks that are being presented to them, or in which they are engaged, even when their knowledge of the target language is limited. http//www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy OCD/Migraine/ Metal plate in head due to past injury.If *** bumps her head call carer immediately/ unhappy to come SRS/difficult to make friends/suffered bullying/kept away from other students at break times in primary school/attention seeker/ mother died due to violently attacked by father (sees father in prison) / CAMHS/ care placement/ Literacy/maths/low self esteem/limited support from home/ IEP/PEP Pedagogy approach to EAL EAL pedagogy is the set of systematic teaching approaches which have evolved from classroom based practices in conjunction with the development of knowledge through theoretical and research perspectives.These approaches meet the language and learning needs of pupils for whom English is an additional language. They can be used in a wide range of different teaching contexts. http//www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy Setting out limited number of objectives criteria desc ribe what the outcomes will look like when they are achieved and actions linked to the target objectives to identify what has to be achieved by the end of lesson is said to raise success of learners whose second language is English (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg23).Personalisation is the key to tackling the persistent achievement gaps between different social and ethnic groups. It means a tailored education for every child and young person, that gives them strength in the basics, stretches their aspirations and builds their life chances. Higher standards, better schools for all (HMSO 2006)(from-excellentandenjoymentlearning pg14) The development of EAL pedagogy has been influenced by social constructivist theories which emphasise the importance of scaffolding learning, and those which highlight the importance of socio-cultural and emotional factors.Children learning EAL will be affected by attitudes towards them, their culture, language, religion and ethnicity. (excellentandenjoy mentlearning pg14) Learning of English should be distinguished into communicative skills and cognitive and academic language proficiency. Children should be opposite up in group so they can become conversationally fluent in the new language by communication and collaborating with others and to catch up with monolingual peers in the development of cognitive and academic language.Activating pupils prior knowledge Finding out what pupils know about a topic through questioning, supporting self-monitoring and using KWL (Know, Want to find out, Learned) charts, brainstorming in small groups or pairs, discovery tasks, enabling use of first language. http//www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy.Peer and share, questioning strategies using oral feedback is also important to move learners towards the forms of language used in writing (cognitive) and linguistic development. Children learning an additional language are not undecomposed learning vocabularies, grammars and pronunciations it helps them to learn all other language functions such as questioning, analysing, hypothesising that they need for other subjects like mathematics, science, ICT and so on. Planning lesson for a class that has EAL student.

Wilde’s the Happy Prince and Other Tales and a House of Pomegranates

Literary influences of the books Concern of Wilde on go awaying Christianity and aestheticism 1351 In a famous statement to W. B. Yeats, Oscar Wilde called Walter Paters The Renaissance my golden book I never travel anywhere with off it. ( n1) Nor is Paters influence limited to a single book. Marius the curvaceous also had a strong impact on Wilde, and during his imprisonment, Paters Greek Studies, Appreciations, and imaginary Portraits were among the few books he asked for and received (Letters 399).Pater also had a powerful influence on Wildes king news reports, which critics have not so far focused on. The fairy tales of The Happy Prince and Other Tales and A House of Pomegranates reveal many influencesHans Christian Andersen, Blake, Carlylebut Pater is a chief influence on many of them. In De Profundis, Wilde wrote of Marius the Epicurean that in it Pater seeks to reconcile the artistic life with the life of religion in the deep, sweet and austere sense of the word. But M arius is little more than a attestant an ideal spectator indeed, . . . yet a spectator merely, and perhaps a little too much occupied with the comeliness of the vessels of the mental institution to notice that it is the Sanctuary of Sorrow that he is gazing at. (Letters 476)In many of the fairy tales, Wildes concern is exactly that of Pater in Mariusto blend Christianity and the artistic life or aestheticism. In others, he is more concern with the conclusion to The Renaissance, with its insistent advice that we should devote our lives to the clubby enjoyment of the best objects of artadvice which he strongly rejects. The Happy Prince, for instance, belongs to the latter group. When we first meet the gifted prince, he is a dishy statue, gilded all over with thin leaves of fine gold, his eyes are two happy sapphires, and a large red flushed is fixed on his sword-hilt (271). His position as an aesthetic object high above the city symbolizes the isolated, carefree, pleasure-seek ing life he led before his death, when he lived in a cacoethesly palace that is itself a work of art. Every evening, he tell us, I led the dance in the Great Hall (272).The happy prince, then, begins his existence as an aesthete, a postdateer of Paters advice in The Renaissance that to burn always with this hard, gem-like flame, to maintain this ecstasy, is success in life. . . . We have an interval, and then our place knows us no more. Some spend this interval in listlessness, some in high passions, the wisest, at least among the children of this world, in art and song. . . . Of such wisdom, the poetic passion, the zest of beauty, the love of art for its own sake, has most. 123) Even as a child, the happy prince devotes himself instinctively to a Pateresque life of art, song, and beauty, but in doing so he locks out Christian sweetness and purity. When he becomes a statue, the happy prince gradually recognizes all the pain and sorrow that exists in the city below him, and he develops into a Christian, a child of light. His heart overflows with love and pity, and he sacrifices his aesthetic glory to help others. In this, he is aided by a swallow who undergoes a kindred pattern of development.Finally, he strips himself of all his beauty, and his leaden heart cracks when the swallow dies, but both are ready now to enter Heaven. Christianity and aestheticism do not blend in The Happy Prince Paters Renaissance is seen as an early, selfish stage that human beings should outgrow. The great problem of the infanta in The Birthday of the Infanta is that she does not go beyond the private aestheticism Pater recommended in his conclusion but remains monstrous in her icy beauty and cold palace, with its many objects of art.In The Young King, on the other hand, Christianity and aestheticism blend fully. The teen king, the son of an artist, is disowned at first by his grandfather the old king, but is later acknowledged as heir to the throne and brought into the pala ce. From the very first here and now of his recognition, we are told, he had shown signs of that strange passion for beauty that was destined to have so great an influence over his life. . . . The wonderful palaceJoyeuse, as they called itof which he now found himself lord, seemed to him to be a new world fresh- make for his delight . . he would run down the great staircase, with its lions of gilt bronze and its musical notes of bright porphyry, and wander from room to room, and from corridor to corridor. (213-14) This crucial passage reveals the young king as a disciple of Paters Renaissance, constantly in a state of ecstasy, burning with a hard gem-like flame as he privately enjoys the manifold beauties of his palace of art. But as his nature develops, he becomes terribly aware, through three in series(p) dreams, of the pain and evil that accompanied the acquisition of such magnificent objects of art.He becomes a Christian, embraces poverty, and goes to his coronation in rags . The realm mocks and opposes him, from the people to the nobles to the bishop, but he presses on and enters the church. The nobles follow with drawn swords, intent on killing him, but God intervenes and crowns him And lo through the painted windows came the sunlight streaming upon him, and the sunbeams wove round him a tissued robe that was fairer than the robe that was fashioned for his pleasure. The dead staff blossomed, and bare lilies that were whiter than pearls.The dry thorn blossomed, and bare roses that were redder than rubies. (221) The young king enters a new aesthetic realm, pure and indescribably beautiful. Christianity in this tale is the highest form of aestheticism the young king abandons Paters Renaissance and discovers a higher, religious Epicureanism, much as Marius does when it dawns on himin the Divine Service chapter of the novelthat Christianity is the most beautiful thing in the world (303). Like Marius, in his final stage of self-development, the king blends Christianity and aestheticism. n2) The protagonist of The Fisherman and His Soul does the same thing. Initially, fascinated by the beautiful mermaid who sings marvelous songs and lives in a wonderworld beneath the sea, the fisherman casts away his soul and joins her. By the end of the tale, however, his heart becomes large enough to embrace in love both the mermaid and his soul without abandoning aestheticism, he becomes a Christian, and his grave blooms, prompting a change in the wrathful priest, who speaks of all-embracing love and blesses all of Gods creatures.Similarly, in The Star-Child the star-childs sensual beauty returns only when he becomes spiritually beautiful along Christian lines the two go hand in hand. Over and over in the fairy tales, but especially in The Young King, Wilde blends Christianity and aestheticism in the manner of Marius the Epicurean, and over and over he rejects the advice of the conclusion to The Renaissance, presenting it as an inadequate initial stage in the souls spiritual development. NOTES (n1. ) W. B. Yeats, The Autobiography of William Butler Yeats (New York Macmillan, 1953) 80. n2. ) In this essay, I follow Gerald Cornelius Monsmans reading of Marius in Paters Portraits Mythic Pattern in Fiction of Walter Pater (Baltimore The Johns Hopkins Press, 1967). Although Marius never takes the final step of officially converting to Christianity, his death according to Monsman is the prelude to a final awakening and the full experience of God.

The Origin of Money

The use of capital began in the sixth century B.C. in what is instantly western Turkey, when lumps of gold found in rivers were melted and turned into pieces of uniform size imprinted with a stamp. For almost all of the time since then, the common monetary musical arrangement has been commodity silver, whereby a valuable commodity (typically a metallic element) is used as a widely accepted medium of exchange. Furthermore, the quantity of money was not at a lower place anyones control hush-hush agents, following scathe incentives, took actions that determined the money supply.Today, the prevalent monetary system is that of fiat money, in which the medium of exchange consists of unsupported giving medication liabilities, which are claims to nothing at all. Moreover, judicatures have usually established a monopoly on the provision of fiat money, and control, or potentially control, its quantity.Fiat money is a very recent development in monetary history it has merely been in use for a few decades at most. Why did this development from commodity money to fiat money take place? Is fiat money better suited to the modern economy or was it desirable hardly impractical in earlier times? Were there forces that naturally and inevitably led to the present system?Fiat money did not appear spontaneously, since government assumes a central role in the management of fiat currency. How did govern-ments learn about the possibility and desirability of a fiat currency? Did monetary theorizing play any role in this evolution? In this article, I pull up stakes argue that the evolution from commodity to fiat money was the result of a ample process of evolution and learning. Commodity money systems have certain advantages, in particular in providing a natural anchor for the price level. But they likewise have certain disadvantages, manifested in particular in the difficulty of providing multiple denominations concurrently.These problems arose early on, in the fourteen th century, in the form of money shortages. Societies tried to overcome these disadvantages, and this led them progressively closer to fiat money, not only in terms of the actual entertain of the object used as currency, and excessively in terms of the theoretical understanding of what fiat money is and how to manage it properly. In the process, societies came to envisage the use of coins that were worth less than their market value to interchange the smaller denominations that were often in short supply. These coins are very similar to bank notes they are printed on base metal, rather than paper, but the economics in arrears their value is the same. What governments learned over time about the provision of small change is thus directly applicable to our modern system of currency.In his A Program for Monetary Stability (1960), Milton Friedman begins with the question Why should government intervene in monetary and banking questions? He answers by providing a quick history of m oney, which he describes as a process inevitably leading to a system of fiat money monopolized by the government (p. 8) These, then, are the features of money that justify government intervention the resource cost of a pure commodity currency and hence its tendency to become partly fiduciary the peculiar difficulty of enforcing contracts involving promises to net income that serve as medium of exchange and of preventing fraud in respect to them the technical monopoly character of a pure fiduciary currency which makes essential the panorama of some external limit on its amount and finally, the pervasive character of money which means that the issuance of money has important effect on parties another(prenominal) than those directly involved and gives special importance to the preceding features. The central tasks for government are also clear to set an external limit to the amount of money and to prevent counterfeiting, broadly conceived.This article will find much to validate this view. It turns out that the problem of counter-feiting, identified as central by Friedman, provided obstacles that were overcome only when the appropriate technology became available. As technology changed and offered the possibility of implementing a form of fiduciary currency, various incomplete forms of currency systems were tried, with significant effects on the price level. These experiments led to the recognition that quantity limitation was crucial to maintaining the value of the currency. The need for a government monopoly, however, does not emerge from our reading of the historical record, and we will notice that the private sector also came up with its own solutions to the problem of small change, thereby presenting alternatives to the monetary arrangements we have adopted.1Among the desirable features of a monetary system, price stability has long been a priority, as far back as Aristotles discussion of money in Ethics. In the words of the seventeenth century Italian m onetary theorist Gasparo Antonio Tesauro (1609), money must be the measure of all things (rerum omnium mensura) (p. 633). Aristotle also noted that commodity money, specifically money made of precious metals, was well up suited to reach that goal Money, it is true, is liable to the same fluctuation of demand as other commodities, for its purchasing power varies at different times but it tends to be comparatively constant (Aristotle, Ethics, 1943 translation).The commodity money system delivers a nominal anchor for the price level. The mechanism by which this takes place can be described in the context of a profit-maximizing mint, which was how coins were produced in the Middle Ages and later.2 Suppose there is a way to convert goods into silver and silver into goods at a constant cost (in ounces of silver per unit of goods), which can be thought of as either the extraction cost of silver and the industrial uses of the metal or the world price of silver in a small country interpreta tion. Silver is turned into coins by the mint the mint (which really represents the private sector) also decides when to melt down existing coins.The governments role is limited to two actions. It specifies how much silver goes into a coin, and it collects a seigniorage tax 3 on all new(a) minting.When the mint is minting new coins, its costs are the cost of the silver content, the seigniorage tax, and the proceeds cost4 its revenues are the market value of the coins, which is the inverse of the price level. Similarly, when the mint is dissolve down coins, its costs are the market value of the coins, and its revenues are the value of the silver contained in them.Whether the mint will produce new coins or melt down existing coins will thus depend on how the price level relates to the parameters silver content of the coins, production costs, and seigniorage rate. The price level cannot be too low (or the purchasing power of the coins too high) or the mint could make unbounded profi ts by minting new coins and spending them. Similarly, the price level cannot be too high (or the purchasing power of the coins too low), or the mint would make profits by melting down the coins. The absence of arbitrage for the mint places restrictions on the price level, which is contained in an interval determined by the minting point and the melting point

This Blessed House

For example, In to twenty-four hourss society we suffer clearly see that at that place atomic number 18 many objects geared towards men that are non geared towards women and vice versa. Earrings is an example of this About half of the United States population wear earrings. From day to day I see men,women, teenagers and even babies wearing them, and it is clear to see that some are made for women and not made for men. The earring itself sack be utilize to define a persons sexuality wearing trusted types of earrings could affect the way society looks at you. The general public is programmed to debate objects are gendered.Without these preconceived beliefs objects would right be objects and would not be used as a determination of human characteristics. From the cultures that were assigned from my Gender Womens Studies class and my personal experiences, I learned that objects can be gendered by color, shape, size, and even texture. This lead me to the conclusion that objects h ave no meaning until society gives it an irrelevant and often sexist generalized meaning. Gender can come unexpected at any time in life. The situation is that you have to know how to handle it when it sneaks up on you, like it did me.I went to Walter one day, freeing to look for a pair of earrings, I was stuck in the isle for a magic spell, contemplating on which pair of earrings I should buy. I was torn between two akin types of earrings. Although they were different prices I was still cautious on Just buying the less expensive pair. One pair were studs that had pick apart rhinestones on It and It was medium sized, while the other pair was less expensive and was also some studs that were medium sized as well. Pasting patronize and forth in the isle for almost an hour. I decided to call over a consultant.This person was a male employee I ask him which pair of earrings did he prefer to buy and he verbalize the pair that was the cheapest. I was very stunned that he chose the ch eaper pair because those were the ones that had the pink rhinestones embedded in them. Thanking him for his assistance and moving on to ask a effeminate consultant about which pair would she prefer to buy and she pick the pair that looked the best and also the pair that happened to be much more expensive. However, after acquire their advice I was still puzzled about which pair to buy because I had gotten two totally different opinions.Deciding not to buy any pair, I went home base and thought about why was It so difficult for me to choose a simple pair of earrings. It finally donned on me that men and women were confronted with different obstacles. Men are constrained by things that women are not constrained by and women are constrained Day tongs Tanat men are not constrained Day. account Itself shows this For example, women are expected to be the homemaker and the nurturer in contrast with men who are expected to be the bread winners. Americans have been programmed so well that their beliefs buzz off innate. Its similar to Pavlovs experiment with the salivating dogs.He would ring the bell whenever it was time for the dogs to eat and the dogs became so used to it that they would start to salivate whenever they heard the bell ring because they knew it was time to eat. manhood have been trained the same way. We have been programmed since birth to follow these ideals. Even newborn babies are dressed in either blue or pink blankets to display their gender. Courageousness becomes a sign of femininity and muscularity becomes a sign of masculinity. Humans becomes so well trained that muscular or on-curvaceous women are considered to be unfeminine and less attractive to men.The ideals set by society start to control are beliefs and in turn start to control are actions. part sitting at home I stumbled across a book entitled, Introduction to Womens Studies, scripted by Internal Grew and Careen Kaplan it had several articles relating to the roles of men and women i n human society. There was an article called Gender and Consumption, composed by Bruce Babcock, and it spoke about how men were the production the ones who produce the money and the women were the consumption aid to dismiss up all the money.There was a part in the article where is stated that Production was active, led men earning money, and provided them with some form of power exercised through newly created trade unions, for instance (329). However, it also implied that Consumption was more passive, involved spending money, and did not lead to any publicly recognizable forms of power (329). After reading this article, it had me thinking about the pair of earrings that I left in Walter It left me with the question of what makes men and women different. Men do not care about assign, only if when they do it seems that they are categorized as being gay.In this case the government has manipulated the citizens minds in society to have them think that certain looks are only for certa in types of people. But most times men tend to Just buy what every appeals to them the greatest. This is why the male employee chose the cheap pair of earrings, not because he want pink, but because they were cheaper. Women on the other hand are expected to like more expensive things, so society would refer to them as gold diggers. A lot of advertisers target women cause they know how to manipulate women into buying the most expensive merchandise.A piece called, On Gender and Things, by Newly sink is turn up in the Gender Womens Studies reader. What Dishonor expresses in this piece is that objects can become gendered because innovators anticipate the preferences, motives, tastes, and skills of the potential users, and the cultural norms in society at large (Reader65). Dishonor also implies that, due to the norms values that are inscribed into a technical artifact, objects can attribute and delegate specific roles, actions, and responsibilities to their users (Reader65).Another a rticle in this book, called, Woman is an Island, written by Judith Williamson, sells a product, which is ponds cream cocoa butter, and it is made for women only. This product and the earring is related to one another by directing their viewing to a specific audience. For example, in the text of the article, it says that it is meant Tort women to prove teen wilt n ten smoothest Ana sorest silk ever. As Tort a certain type of earring, like the hoop for example, is meant for women only.Men were not looked at in this case because they are looks as being masculine, which means that it is mandatory for their skin to be so called rough. Well, that is what the government says, and the society Just feeds in on this nonsense. For instance, in the article it states that, with colonial economies as with the family, capitalism feeds on different value systems and takes control of them, while nourishing their symbolic differences from itself (314). This again leads me back to earrings because ea rring type wore can also be based on culture.I wonder if the consultants at Walter knew that the earrings were gendered and that each pair was meant for a man and a women I believe that things like this often go unnoticed. We often fail to notice the sexism involved in the things we do not even realize we believe in. In this twenty-first century, femininity and masculinity is greatly support by what the government proclaims. Humans constantly let society define what they believe This can all be seen through a simple pair of earrings. Objects are just objects you ultimately decide what they mean for you they do not have meaning unless you give them meaning.

Data management on wilmington university

Student database management model provides information on students course schedule and their basic information. Course schedule homogeneous their major and minor names, courses Ames, course id, instructor names, day, time, room number, credits per course and student details like student name, addresses, contact number, date of birth, student id. in the lead this data is farm animald is books and printed on paper. If there is a change in schedule or exam It would be difficult to r separately about this to the students.Now it is easy store and change information by this we can save time and paper. After the registration the course information is directly stored in the database. Now if we want to tantrum course schedule we can simply go to database of the university and check it out and change in schedule can directly reached to mobile by schoolbook subject matter. This is very easy model to use and we will bring out current data and will be secure.Therefore my design mainly foc uses on 2 antithetic users 1) Student 2) administrator Background Wilmington university is a fast growing private non-profit university in u,s. For the convenience of students they added student schedule and exam details to the blackboard and when there is change in the class room, date and time it will informed through text messaging immediately when uploaded in the student database. The main bespeak of this is that the make a marrow regarding he class as possible for student convenience.Background Information upholding an effective system can be done by using good software and hardware requirements specifications that provide the following System Needs user Accessible Sec re Scalability Compatible with other systems necessitate large information of student data infobase expansion and maintenance. Secure backup and recoery Facilitate resource sharing through the internet all over the university Business Goals Increase the ability of storing data and make it available to users . Provides data to the user in seconds.It should be helpful to the management to get information to get data of the registered student profiles. Easy to inform the attendance of students and those who are get promoted to next semester. Easy to inform the students about the alerts of the class schedule via text message User Requirements Data of the student should be made available and be stored within 3 seconds. The system should be accessible for 24 hours. The system should beget the capacity to hold 80,000 customer records at any time. The system should have the capacity to add 1 00,000 records a year for 10 years.The system should intrust Text messages to all students in database. Data Model For this model I am relational database model through which entities, attributes and relations can expressed Data requirements Student flesh out Student name, Student ID, USN number, Address, Phone Number, Date of Birth, Sex. Department details Department Name, Department code, College, off ice Number Course Details Course old. Course Name, Course level Attendance Total classes, No. Of classes present, No Of classes absent, Student ID psychometric test type Midterm exams, Final exams, Weekly Quiz, Exam IDText message phone number, reason for delay, time of class, date of class, addresses of the class Schedule Student ID, Course ID, Course name, class room no, Date, Time Supports Data attention for finding Student data in each Department Internal Average Marks Scored of a student. Attendance Shortage of pupil. Text message to each student Exam Result of student. Report Requirements 1. User feedback report. 2. Individual or Group Attendance Report. 3. Student wise Examination Report. 4. Student Detail. 5. Text message sent report 6. Examination time-table for different examinations.

Health Disadvantages Indigenous Australians Essay

Socioeconomic factors be associated with fostering, employment, and income, and each, has a substantial sour on the health of natural Australians. didactics, which is inaccessible for many endemical people, allows for the greater knowledge of health issues, and the increase understanding of both custodial behaviors and risk factors. It is a known fact that with a lack of education or one that is poor, there is a increased risk that there will be little employment opportunities ultimately leading to little or no income. Hence, the vicious p all overty cycle is born.Education enables Indigenous Australians to develop a sense of empowerment, and in turn increases the probability that they will take steps to improve their health. If an Indigenous child has had an insuffienct education, they will not have had any opportunities that assist them in evaluating health information and products. Research has shown those with higher levels of education have a reduced chance of smoking, being placid and suffering from obesity. Its the absence and inequality of education that has led to obesity among Indigenous Australians with 28% of those over 15 being overweight, and 29% diagnosed as obese.Obesity increases the risk of developing health problems including Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, osteoarthritis, injury and certain cancers. The individual whitethorn not be conscious of which foods argon hale, may not be able to afford it, may not take lead off in physical activity daily, use tobacco and abuse alcohol and this occurs from deficient education. Additionally, environmental factors captivate the health of Indigenous Australians in the areas of geographic location and access to health services and technology.Approximately 24% of people living in remote areas and 45% of those living in very remote areas are Indigenous. Aboriginals living in remote areas will experience negative impacts on their social, emotional and physical h ealth. Indigenous people in these rural areas experience a greater risk of injury due to the dangers associated with travelling on country roads that are often of poor quality, long distances and fatiguing. Indigenous people are 3 times more likely to die from traffic incidents than non-Indigenous people. Aboriginals in remote areas will in addition face harsh living and working circumstances such as drought and floods.From this, injury, disease, emotional tribulation and financial hardships occur. Aboriginal Australians in remote communities with large distances between new(prenominal) people and society may find it difficult to maintain and draw social support networks. The inability to make and prolong relationships leads to a sense of isolation, and contributes to poor mental health and imprint. Hospitalisation rates for self-harm are representative of mental illness, depression and stress and in 2006, Indigenous Australians were 3 times more likely to be hospitalized for severe self-harm than other Australians.In 2011, 80% of suicides of the ages 19 to 24 were Aboriginals. This occurs due to isolated geographic location. Evidently it is of utmost wideness that there be a strategy put into place to help improve the health of Indigenous Australians in regards to the Socio-economic factor of education, and the environmental factor of geographic location. This strategy must be effective and realistic, to underwrite that the gap begins to be closed before 2030. A proposed action that should be put into place is the tuition of a Community Centre, in the mid point of a rural township.This centre would consume a shuttle bus service, picking up and dropping off the person when wanting to metamorphose to the facility. The shuttle service would hopefully reduce the injury experienced from traffic incidents on rural roads. This club centre would be a hub, where Aboriginals could come, in order to receive educational courses or classes on the topics of m edicine awareness and abuse, mental health issues, domestic violence, healthy eating and much more.As well as educational classes, there would be fun activities that they would be able to participate in, such as sports, healthy cooking, arts and crafts and other alternatives. Whilst being at the community centre, there is the opportunity to receive an education, and also run friendships. The opportunity to receive an education, especially on the topics listed previously would increase the awareness of health issues and knowledge of protective behaviors, fundamentally attempting to break the poverty cycle and enabling empowerment to flourish within the Aboriginal.Whereas the possibility to bring on friendships, and returning to the Community Centre on a regular basis would assist in the reduction of Indigenous Australians in rural areas feeling isolated and depress further reducing the number of hospitalization rates from self harm, mental illness and suicide. In conclusion, it is perceivable that something MUST be done soon in order to close the gap by 2030 to create greater equity between Indigenous Australians and non-Indigenous Australians. There is NO excuse

Critical Analysis of Sherwood Anderson’s Sopohistication

In the story of Sophistication by Sherwood Anderson there is ane character that sticks out as what one would consider a foil, and he is know in this minuscule story as the College Instructor. He is described as dry and a gold digger deviation afterwards the bankers daughter. Helen does non really enjoy his company she valued to drive the instructor apart (Anderson 169). She loathed how her mother thought that no man from the town would be worthy of her, or the fortune that would dumbfound along with her marriage. Furthermore, she did understand why she could not go after love, simply has to go after prestige for her family.He knew that the life of a college instructor could not make him a large amount of money, but he needed a way to fund his studies as a college professor. Also, he neer sees himself fall in love with Helen, he even says I should marry women with money, ultimately he is simply in it for the money (169). He sees this as an opportunity when he found Helens mother wanted her daughter to marry. He thought he has a great opportunity to marry into money. Nevertheless, he never accounted for the wants or feeling of Helen, her wants conflicted with convictions of the college instructor.It could be argued throughout the book that He wanted to appear cosmopolitan (171). Although, this sounded appealing to Helens mother, it does not appeal to Helen. She despised the thought of ever being with him, she considered herself a free spirit, not wanting to be held back or told what to do. Proving this, she runs out of her house yelling for George. In her heart she knows that they argon the only ones who truly understood each other. Thus, the college instructor is effectively run out of her life after Helen and George go on their silent walk.

Reflective essay about the guest speaker Essay

I cause been given(p) the opportunity to attend one of the invitee verbaliser events to write my reflective essay on. The guest speaker lecture I attended was a woman who had her give birth hook up with bon ton and as age went on she interpolated it to just focus on wedding cakes, instead of dresses and wedding events etc. The speech was genuinely useful as the championship student it gave me a wider knowledge and ideas for the future and I am so glad I attended because when you hear about an new(prenominal) persons journey finished their business it helps you to understand more and focus on whats important.She similarly verbalise about the change in her technique to ch all in allenge competitors and blending techniques which she said in her speech Niche was to give her clients just what they want when theres conflict within the wedding party which you would understand when you be acquiring married you want everything to go perfectly for your mountainousgish day and everything to go how you planned it. So devising the cakes she had to make received especially for wedding cakes she always makes sure it is exactly how the clients asked for so there is no conflict and issues as a client it would be devastating seeing a result of the cease opposite of how you wanted the cake to be. Its always important to keep the clients happy and impressed as it plays a big part in the company and you would want people to leave skinny and irrefutable reviews and thats how you build your company.The guest speaker also mentioned the economic climate which is a general photo of the overall mood of the global economy or of a regional economy, which captures the status of the stock market, the experience of the economy by consumers, and the availability of jobs and credit. Business decisions such as hiring, borrowing, lending, and investment in new initiatives are often strongly influenced by the overall economic climate. The economic climate for her company w as sweatshops because they ca-ca been a factor in the production of goods around the world for centuries but the globalization of business has led increase numbers of major corporations to take advantage of low-cost sweatshops labor in developing countries. Recent examples of sweatshop conditions in the garment industry have caused an international outcry by Labour leaders and government officials. This unhurt situation made the clothing cost less than the retail price of fabric. Also, it all depends on the steer market on who it is targeting at and in her company she had a lot of people that were size 14 plus. The recessions in the 1990s Were she wasnt making enough money and it made it difficult for her to hold on to the business, the disposable income reduced as well as the wedding cakes were considered elastic products which meant the sellers and buyers adjust their demand for the good product when the price changes.Also, the guest speaker spoke about the disadvantages that a ffected her business was the changes in the law 1990 health and hygiene regulations. She spoke how this was a big impact on her business because of changing fashions and finding ways to keep up with the times and the little things count in maintaining a high-quality brand. All these things were rattling important towards her business because if you dont follow the rules and regulations it can cause a danger to the company and she could lose it all. The implications of changing environment were keeping up to see to it with change as it plays a big part when having your own business and you are responsible for following and researching changes in the law. Attending wedding fairs was a chance for her to promote her business and give our business cards and people to get a strain of her company so they knew what the service and goods are if they wanted her for the future upcoming events. Along with that she also mentioned how she had wedding cake competitions which she enjoyed but y ou have to compete with others so clients come to her and not the other companys. It was all about having the good product and knowing what the audience love, although it was a competition it was also about instruction new techniques from others and others learning from her and how they do their design. She explained how learning from others isnt always a bad thing, sometimes its good for you as if give you more ideas on how to improve and have better skills than what you already have and know.The pricing strategy is also important as she had to access the cost by monitoring the prices of competitions and having the interactions with customers have changed because of the internet where you have social media like Instagram, Facebook or your own business website where people have aristocratical access and can easily contact you via message asking for quick information and you have other people who are already your clients writing feedback which catches other peoples attention as wel l.She spoke how if it was profitable, and explained that yes the wedding dresses were more profitable as there are the wedding every season of the calendar month and the love of weddings, where every woman wants to look perfect with the perfect wedding dress on the big day.During the guest speaker event, I am so glad to have attended as I have learned many things from the guest speaker speaking about her company. She has motivated on service me create ideas for what I plan for my future business/career. She also taught me that it is important to be up to date with the rules and regulations and always do research on anything especially when having your own business or if you wish to. You also need to think of contingency measure in different emergency and situations, doing this will make sure the events you hold or the finished product will be carried out smoothly with no conflicts. How I intend to implement ideas gained in the event to boost my future career, is by attending more o f the guest speaker events and be involved when there are events going on to help me boost my confidence, doing this I know it will help me to understand more and also because I am studying business in most of my modules it helps me to understand each day. Doing research is really important before thinking of having your own business so it gives you a wider knowledge and keeps you aware of the advantages and disadvantages.ReferencesWhat is economic climate? definition and meaning (2017). gettable athttp//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/economic-climate.html(Accessed 26 November 2017).Sweatshops facts, information, pictures Encyclopedia.comarticles about Sweatshops (2017). Available athttp//www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/economics-business-and-labor/labor/sweatshops(Accessed 26 November 2017).

Bush V. Gore

Josh Hanlon January 11th, 2013 CLN4U-01 Mr. Currie legal philosophy Research Essay Bush vs. Gore Why The Votes Should Have Been Counted Bush vs. Gore was described as a contr everywheresial election to say the least. The votes in several Florida counties were put up into question as to whether they should be counted or non. In a classless Election every legal votes must be counted. The main melodys around this issue were Article 2, scratch 1 of the report, the interpretation of the fitting protective covering article and mental confusion around right to vote deadlines during the Recount. This process was exacerbated by the lack of impartial in effect(p)ices and secretary of state.The initial argument surrounding this issue is Article 2, Section 1 of the temperament. Article 2, Section 1 of the Constitution states, In presidential elections, each State shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof whitethorn direct, the electors to which the State is entitled. That being said 3 justices, Rehnquist, Scalia, and Thomas all argued that Florida violated this there argument set a lot of emphasis on the word legislature. Meaning to say that there is a difference between the State, who is empowered to appoint its own electors and that own States legislature.Furthermore, this Article of the Constitution is completely out of the Supreme courts jurisdiction in the circumstances. The Supreme Court should have got nothing to do with matters of state law in between the State and their own Legislature. Also, the Florida Supreme Court held that a legal vote may include any ballot from which it is reasonably possible to finalize the pull in intent of the voter, whether or not the chad had been completely dawdlered through, which is consistent with the law of the clear legal age of the States.Chief rightness Rehnquist in his opinion argued that this interpretation was so ridiculous and not mirrored with Florida legislation, that it violated Artic le 2. He claimed that because most counties use punch cards that tell you to clearly punch your ballot no sensible person could count a vote that wasnt clearly punched all the way through. (Geoffrey R. St matchless, Equal vindication? )The Florida Election Code states that no vote shall be decl bed invalid if there is a clear indication of the intent of the voter, also a 60 year old Florida Law fountain states that must give statutes relating to elections a construction in favor of the citizens right to vote, and the intention of the voters should break away when counting ballots (Constitution of the State of Florida, As Revised in 1968) after hearing this, the other 6 Justices think that the Florida Supreme Court decision was in long established precedent and said it didnt evening raise a question under Article 2 of the Constitution.In simpler terms, stating that all of those votes were legal and that the quantitys set were satisfactory to determine which votes should and s hould not be counted. Onto the Equal Protection article, the Supreme Court basically contradicts themselves on this matter. After stating the vote standards set by the Florida Supreme Court didnt violate Article 2, they continued on to state that it violates the Equal Protection clause because the standards for accepting or rejecting contested ballots might vary not only from county to county but even within a single county (Geoffrey R.Stone, Equal Protection? ). What is startling is that the Florida Constitution states, The intention of the voters should prevail when counting ballots meaning that if there is any intention the vote should be counted, and if this wasnt precise enough for the Supreme Court why did they vote to uphold it on the Article 2, Section 1 vote? If the Supreme Court required a uniform standard for counting and sex act votes in Florida, why does it not need a uniform standard for voting?Is the fact that punch card voting has a sufficiently higher chance of ha ving your vote not counted compared to computer voting where there is a bare minimum chance of your votes not being counted violating the Equal Protection Clause as well? Or is it the fact that punch card counties are more commonly in low income counties, who tend to vote Republican (Al Gore)? All of these things ould be seen as discriminatory or not equal as well as the non-uniform standard for counting, but if the Supreme Court has decided that the separate standard is in violation then in thought the entirely Election should be rendered unconstitutional and put to an end, correct? To continue, no it should not be put to an end. The Supreme Court should have request a stay on the Recount until a uniform standard was put in set up for all of the Florida Counties and they should have ordered that every state have a uniform standard for Recounts for rising elections.The Supreme Court made a Pragmatic but Unlawful decision in voting for the violation of the Equal Protection Claus e which led to the stoppage of the 2000 Florida Recount. (Bo Li, Perspectives, Vol. 2, No. 3). This goes without mentioning the fact that Bushs state of Texas had a uniform voting standard which allowed anything to be counted in the scenario of a recount including a dimpled chad. This means that Governor Bush sign in a bill that let any vote with slight intent be counted in the process of a Recount, yet is arguing that intent of a voter is an unconstitutional argument.This is hypocritical and shows a lack of character, if Bush truly believes in the Constitution he should be letting all the legal votes be counted to see if he actually won the establishment of the United States. If Bush truly cared about the simple uniform standards for Recounting, he should have ordered for a stay until uniform standards were set in place. Instead he argued the entire Recount unconstitutional and the 5-4 majority (5 Republican Judges-4 Democratic Judges) decided that there was no reason to Recount possibly legal votes when it had a chance of harming Bushs chance to become Prime Minister.Legal analysts from all over the Country explained it as the Justices trying to make a pragmatic decision by putting an end to this controversy, turns out it backfired on them. (Geoffrey R. Stone, Equal Protection? ) The third point to be explained in this case is the ongoing controversy over voting deadlines and how the ever so bright Secretary of State in Florida Katherine Harris thoughts were constantly being controlled by Bush advisors. Katherine Harris (and Friends) made it very clear that they would ot be accepting votes after a certain deadline, which leftover no time for the original recount. All these votes had to be stamped and signed to be considered legal votes. This left the Democratic Party frantically trying to recount votes and get them stamped and in on time. When she ruled that if votes were not stamped and signed they could not be sure, the Democratic Party argued that ton s of Military votes could not be counted because they were very rarely stamped and signed. In the US there is no voting law that states Military Votes can be accepted with no signature or stamp.This obviously led to an uproar from Republicans (Who most military votes get casted for) because it was just unethical for the Democrats to take away illegal votes for the Republicans. What the Republicans fail to realize is that taking away Florida citizens legal votes because you are scared of losing is also unethical. The Democrats later changed their minds and told the Secretary to reconsider the Military votes and give them special consideration. (Joseph I. Lieberman, Military Ballots chastity a Review)There are a few other factors I would like to add to perspective ahead closing my argument, in Florida the Republican swayed Secretary of State Katherine Harris put 20 Thousand people on the Voter Purge list. A Large group of these people had never done anything wrong, in cross an Afr ican-American Pastor could not vote because his name was similar to that of a hardened criminal in Florida (HBO Documentary, Recount). The most interesting fact of all was that the 3 Judges who voted for Bush in both instances (Rehnquist, Scalia, Thomas) were all considered Republican judges.In the last 30 years at the Supreme Court the 19 Cases involving the Equal Protection Clause concerning laws against race, elderly, and other minorities they voted a perfect 19 for 19 to uphold the Equal Protection Clause. Yet, the one case involving Politics and the party they are associated with they for some strange reason voted against it with very little reasoning. (Geoffrey R. Stone, Equal Protection? ) If thats not Politics in Black Robes, what is. In Conclusion, Legal votes in Florida were not counted when they should have een. The various ideas such as the proper vote in Article 2, Section 1, the contradiction in terms and unlawful voting on the Equal Protection Clause and the confusing deadlines regarding votes were all examples of how things can be exacerbated by impartial Judges and Secretary of States. The votes in Florida should have been recounted after a uniform standard was put in place similar to the one in Texas and the real results of the 2000 Election should have been deciphered.All else aside, the whole United States should have a uniform voting, counting and recounting standard to eliminate all this confusion in the future. Bibliography http//www. leg. state. fl. us/statutes/index. cfm? mode=constitution&submenu=3 http//www. nytimes. com/2000/11/20/us/counting-vote-absentee-ballots-military-ballots-merit-review-lieberman-says. hypertext markup language? pagewanted=all&src=pm http//fathom. lib. uchicago. edu/1/777777122240/ http//www. oycf. org/Perspectives2/9_123100/bush_v1. htm HBO Documentary, Recount

Teaching in Urban Districts

The main form of fundamental interaction that goes on in nurtures is between the teachers and the students. Some of the students ar difficult or unruly and they present umpteen difficulties for the teachers as the teachers can non then organize the class and provide the take aim of whole step culture that they atomic heel 18 certified of. Disruptive students require more attention from teachers and this get outs teachers from giving adequate attention to the rest of the class. in that respect ar many behavioral problems with students, and there is no method of dealing with such students in United States.Even the solution that can be achieved by disciplinary action has to be headstrong by the local trail day board, and then those decisions bequeath occupy to be implemented by the teachers and the principal. peerless of the methods through which this can be done is the student p bent handbook which is distri buted to the students for giving to p arnts. This may fade details of actions that would be taken by the teachers and the principal of the school, if the student does not live up to the expectations of the school and in the class.Other schools direct(p) give full details of the punishment that the student may be given when there is any infraction by the student of the rules of the school. (Teachers Relationships) At the aforestate(prenominal) time, all punishments that argon given argon felt to be the responsibility of the teacher, by the student and the families of the students. This brings us to the next level as we study to determine the type of punishment that can be given to the students. The limits of this come in from literal warnings to in-school suspensions, and when the student crosses limits of behavior, then the general recommendation is an out of school suspension.At the same time, just about students are repeat offenders, and their punishment increases with the number of times they have caused an offense. The mu sical arrangement of punishing students and still retaining them in the same school has now been questioned by some educationists, who have suggested that alternative schools be set up for them. This pass on permit the ordinary schools on pedagogy of students who have a lot of desire to learn. Another root word has suggested that punishments start earlier, from primary school, and the punishments should be clarified with a clear system.The problem is that the parents are not cognisant of all these systems of the school, as they only go through the written material that they mother from schools and even that in a cursory manner. These do not make them respond and thus the parents point of view remains unknown. The parents meet and communication to the school government activity only during formal occasions like school establish houses and teacher conferences, and at these occasions, most participants are reserved. It is possible for both teachers and parents to set up other meetings, but that action is taken only when the concerned student has problems regarding progress.Even during the process of their training, teachers do not receive much training regarding interaction with parents. As is well known, training for becoming teachers takes place in colleges of education based in universities. The exclusives who want to become teachers join up courses for both academic learning as also for courses in education. The combination is expected to teach them both the methods of pedagogy as also the limit that they desire to teach the students. On joining up for the first time, the students are expected to undergo a period of teaching students.thither are some individuals who olfactory perception that a teacher who is still in the learning process should be left alone with students, others take the view that it may be reveal if they are supported by an experienced teacher during the first few weeks of teaching that they undertake. (Teachers Relationships ) (1) The teacher also inclines diverse challenges and those depend on the environment where they start teaching. Schools in urban areas are not individual schools, but are part of a large-mouthed bureaucracy that is not able to act prompt in response to the needs of the schools.These schools generally do not have many resources, and even the constructs are in curt condition in many cases. From outside the school, the environment in spite of appearance the school may be affected by gang activity, drug availability and usage on a large scale and there world a lack of community structure. Students who are coming to the school are burdened not only with educational requirements, but also carry the burden of poverty, hunger and poor housing. There is a noticeing among the parents, teachers, principals and students that the school they are concerned with is something special and separate.This can be said to be the tone, climate or ethos of the school, and those seem to be relate d to all activities that are connected with the school. (NCREL Monograph twist Collaborative Cultures) This is a unique quality, a special school culture. This has an effect on the way they act, on how they dress, or even what they are continuously talking about or what they leave behind never talk of. It also determines whether they seek help from others or they do not seek help.This culture of the school is built up of distinguishable norms, values, beliefs and assumptions and rituals. These are built up over time as teachers, students, parents and administrators have worked together, or dealt with crises and developed their own unstated expectations for interactions and methods of workings together. On the other side there are some schools which remain as isolated places for working and there the teachers are left alone. They work alone in their rooms, and have little interaction with their colleagues.They keep the problems that they face to themselves. When one sees these s chools, the teachers are islands they whole tone a disconnection of separation from each other, seldom talk to other teachers, or share their points of view in terms of the profession or even solving their problems. (NCREL Monograph Building Collaborative Cultures) The urban districts have schools which have had a much longer period of development than untested schools which have come up in the suburban areas. This makes their cultural situation much more rigid, and any teacher has to adapt to them.After their graduation from college and get the necessary qualifications required to become a teacher, most of the teachers still end up working in isolation. The teachers do not get enough time to work along with other teachers, and this is happening even now when there are a lot of efforts being made to get greater fight of the teachers. There are new efforts to improve the general quality of individuals who join as teachers. The effort is through a compulsory renewal of certific ates needed for teaching, creating programs where the teachers volition all have mentors and general improvement of their salaries and working conditions.The process of improvement and this is through decisions taken at the school itself. It becomes the responsibility of the teachers in the schools to have a plan for improvement of the school. That will set up objectives for the school and give the teachers a greater learn in the methods of running the school. It is possible to have new methods of instruction like teaching in police squads, conjunct learning and individualized instruction through the use of computers. There are also other ways through which the performance of teachers can be evaluated.The implementation of these methods encourages the teachers to help their students achieve new state level standards that have been set up. (Teachers Relationships) It is clear that schools where there is not enough satisfaction for the teachers will ultimately resultant role in their leaving the school. It is not correct to say that low incentives are the main reason for their departure. In the city schools the teachers end up getting a salary less than they get in the schools of the suburbs, but that is not the main reason why they leave the school.There are many teachers who leave the school as they feel that they have not been getting enough support from the school administration. Within the school there are many intrusions during the time given for teaching in the class, there are a lot of problems of discipline of the students, and the teachers do not get a say as to how the school will be run. ( wherefore Do High-Poverty Schools Have Difficulty Staffing Their Classrooms with Qualified Teachers? ) The degree of autonomy that is available to teachers in schools varies to a large extent.There are schools where the teachers have had the greatest role in development of the curricula and also helped the new teachers understand the curricula. On the other s ide, there are many schools where the teachers had to work with books that had been purchased and teach from them. There are a lot of differences within the teachers themselves which make the entire process even more difficult. A team of teachers from one district selected new mathematics and information curricula, but other teachers found that this curriculum of science was likewise difficult for the students.Teachers in another school were given a time of half a day for setting out the grade level objectives, but the teachers found the time to be too short and this was done only once. The teachers were not able to make plans that satisfied their desires. The involvement and satisfaction is different from school to school. The only matter that teachers seem to agree on is regarding their opinion of conditions which are suitable for teaching. The teachers are in favor of more flexible schedules, increase in resources for teaching and more assistance for teachers.There was also a d ifference in accountability and teachers in low income areas are generally ones to face the greatest demand for accountability and the greatest challenges. Certainly the level demanded from them was spirited schooler than was demanded from teachers in middle and high income areas. (2) We are facing a failure to ensure that classrooms in the country are filled with quality teachers, and this is more acute as the situation is the worst in disadvantaged schools. In general heap say that the lack of teachers is the reason for this shortage.Why Do High-Poverty Schools Have Difficulty Staffing Their Classrooms with Qualified Teachers? ) The reasons for this shortage are ascribed to recent retirements of a large number of teachers and also collectible to a large increase in enrolment of students. This makes it even more difficult for schools in poor districts to get an adequate number of trained teachers. These school districts are in the urban areas and as a result of this shortage, these schools end up with a large number of under-qualified teachers.This lack of sufficient teachers is felt to be the main reason for the lack of graceful education and building of careers of the students from these schools, and these students are in general from poor communities. All these factors are known to the authorities and they have tried to respond by the translate of an increase in the number of teachers to these schools. This has resulted in a lot of efforts to recruit new teachers in these schools, during the recent years. The greatest stress is on schools which are in disadvantaged settings.On further analysis of the data, it is seen that the staffing problems in these schools is not receivable to a lack of teachers, and what one is trying to say is that they are not suffering from a lack of adequately qualified teachers. The data understandably shows that the problems in staffing of the schools come from a revolving door that exists in these schools. This means t hat teachers join and then leave these schools within a short period, and the reason for their leaving the school is not retirement.The data shows that public schools in high poverty area, in urban communities leave about a fifth of their teachers every year Why Do High-Poverty Schools Have Difficulty Staffing Their Classrooms with Qualified Teachers? ) These results show that the entire staff of the school could be wooly within a very short period. The reason for the departure of these teachers is also in part due to the lack of involvement of the parents in the teaching process. Most of the residents in these areas are African American and Latino. The parents from these groups feel that the faculty in the local elementary school is biased against them.This is the reason that the parents state as being the cause for their non-participation in the school activities. Why urban Parents Resist Involvement in their Childrens easy Education) The parents clearly mention that they would work only with teachers who respect and value their children. This causes great difficulty for experienced teachers as they are sure of the value of the participation by parents. Help from the parents was thought to be essential for good education, and this was taken for granted by teachers. Teachers felt parents supported their efforts and expectations for education of children.Today the situation in the cities has changed due to different family arrangement and socio-cultural differences between the teachers and the students with their families. The differences between them arise as the students and their families suffer from poverty, racism, language and cultural differences. The parents feel that the system has been prepared for the education of children from middle class and white families. This is bound to happen as the family has to feel that they have an important role in the education of their children.When the parents are from the middle class, then the parents feel that they have a duty in assisting the school for education of their children. On the other hand when the family is from the low income group, then the parents feel that it is the responsibility of the school to educate children. The thoughts of the parents regarding their own responsibility also make the parents visit the school and enroll in all activities of the school. Of course to an extent, it also depends on the attitude of the school and some schools make the parents feel comfortable and at home in the school.Teachers in the urban centers often are not aware of the ethnicities and culture of the students they teach, and they have to learn this to be able to reverse the resistance of the family to involvement with school education. In many cities there have been changes over the years. Many of the cities were dominated by industry earlier, but due to development, the industries are no longer functioning from those cities. With the close of the factories, there were closure of sup porting activities like restaurants and surgical incision stores. The population of the cities also declined from 100,000 earlier to about 60,000 now.Why Urban Parents Resist Involvement in their Childrens Elementary Education) While the population has dropped, there was a growth in different races in the city African American and Latinos. The main school is located where the downtown area used to be. Within a range of one block are high rise public housing buildings which are home to quad hundred families. Ninety-five percent of the children living there are from the two communities mentioned earlier. This means that the school will have to interact with these communities.The change in situation had led the city school district to have total integration of its elementary schools. Thus the elementary school serving the public housing building has now got all low-income and colored children. As a solution, the district had to send the children on a plenty to the affluent elementar y school situated on the hill which has a middle class neighborhood. (Why Urban Parents Resist Involvement in their Childrens Elementary Education) The school may have better facilities, but will the parents like it? The number of teachers from the minorities is falling.In 1974, 12. 5% of all full time teachers were African American, and today the number is down to 11 percent. This makes it possible that some students complete school without coming in touch with a minority community teacher. The minorities certainly have better career choices now, but even in teaching they feel that get low salaries and occupational prestige. (Increasing Minority Participation in the Teaching Profession) Thus teaching as a profession is not being liked. (3) It is clear that teaching in urban areas is not liked as it considered difficult to teach there.The schools have wide racial diversity among the students, little supply of materials required to teach, high demands from the bureaucrats that have t o be met, low involvement of the parents in the school, and finally, low salaries. These are the reasons why suburban schools find it easier to get teachers as they are able to provide more resources, greater flexibility in the areas of teaching, and finally, better pay. (Teachers Relationships) The solution to the problem is not that city schools recruit more teachers, which they have to do as they do not have enough teachers now.They have to find ways and means to stop the teachers from leaving the profession. It is very important that the teachers ability to employ positive behavior intervention and support in the classroom is taken up. When the teacher has defects in terms of skills, the results will appear in the poor results from students who are concerned with the teacher. (Strengthening Emotional Support Services) The schools have to make sure that all students are taught by qualified teachers and this is what makes them worry about retaining the teachers on their roles.